Περίληψη: Information plays a crucial role in quantifying predictability in physics as well as in general. Within this topic, entanglement plays a central role in the recent discovery that quantum mechanical states can be manipulated to perform information processing. First applications, such as discrete and continuous variable cryptography, teleportation and quantum computing, are more effectively realized than is possible classically.
After outlining the historical and theoretical essentials of quantum mechanics, which led to the notion of entangled quantum mechanical states, we quantify entanglement with quantum entropy as a generalization of in­formation entropy introduced by Shannon and Weaver. To this end we define operational terms such as pure states, mixed states, density matrices, qubits and other physical terms which govern this field of research. Quantum entanglement, used as a new natural resource, is exemplified in application to quantum cryptography and teleportation.
Coherence and superposition of QM states are essentials in the formation of entanglement. Generally, experiments with quantum objects have taught us that coherent QM states can dissipate, disappear and suddenly die. Decoherence is ever present. It is driven by interactions of the quasi isolated QM system with its environment. This is most intriguing insofar as the decoherence mechanism seems to generate from quantum world resources our classical physical world which is ruled by classical physical laws.

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