·       Nature of radiation, various forms of radiation, Mathematical description of radiation.

·       Quantum theory of the interaction between radiation and matter: Aporro-extraction, emis-sion, Corpuscular photon properties.

·       Quantum theory of the interaction between radiation and matter: Elementary theory of interaction of a quantum system and electromagnetic radiation.

·       Quantum theory of the interaction between radiation and matter: Half-life of excited states  and energy width. 

·       Statistical properties of photons and sources: the concept of elementary cell. Temporal- and spatial- coherence. The elementary bundle.

·       Statistical properties of photons and sources: Fluctuation Phenomena. Measure-ments in many elementary cells. Monochromaticity  and coherence.

·       Lasers: Optical resonance cavities, spatial form of modes in  open resonance cavities. Stabil-ity of  optical resonance cavities.

·       Lasers: Optical resonant cavity frequency spectrum, Population inversion. Modes in a Laser. Amplification factor and output power.

·       Lasers: 3- and 4- levels Lasers.

·       Types of Lasers:  Overview, of  types of Lasers, Gas Lasers.

·       Types of Lasers: Lasers, fluids, Chemical Lasers, Lasers solid

·       Types of Semiconductor Lasers: Lasers,

·       types of Lasers: free electron Lasers, Lasers.