Linear polarized light irradiating on polymer films can cause the effect of optical anisotropy as in the bulk of the material (birefringence) and on its surface (providing material’s aligning property). The main mechanisms of optical anisotropy formation upon polarized light impact in polymers and several specific applications are discussed. Some general information on polarized light is given and Jones approach of its description is presented. The mechanisms of formation of photoinduced birefringence depending on photochemical transformations in different polymers are considered. The principle of polarization phase recording is demonstrated. The basic procedures of fabrication of liquid crystal (LC) aligning polymer layers are presented and their applications in LC-display technologies are shown, the 3-dimentional type of LCdisplays is given the most attention.